risk-management · beginner

Risk-to-Reward Ratio Explained (1:2, 1:3)

The risk reward ratio compares how much you might lose on a trade with how much you might gain. Learning 1:2 and 1:3 setups helps beginners plan trades before risking real money.

In this lesson, you will learn what the <strong>risk reward ratio</strong> means, how to calculate it, and how traders use 1:2 and 1:3 setups to manage risk. You will also see practical examples and common mistakes to avoid.

What Is the Risk Reward Ratio?

The <strong>risk reward ratio</strong> compares the amount you are willing to risk on a trade with the amount you are trying to make. It is usually written as <strong>1:2</strong>, <strong>1:3</strong>, or another similar format.

The first number is the <strong>risk</strong>. The second number is the <strong>reward</strong>.

For example:

  • A <strong>1:2 risk reward</strong> setup means you risk 1 unit to try to make 2 units.
  • A <strong>1:3 risk reward</strong> setup means you risk 1 unit to try to make 3 units.
  • If you risk $50 to try to make $100, your ratio is 1:2.
  • If you risk $50 to try to make $150, your ratio is 1:3.
  • This matters because trading is not about winning every trade. No trader can do that. Risk management is about making sure your winning trades can cover your losing trades over time.

    A few key terms:

  • <strong>Entry price</strong>: The price where you open a trade.
  • <strong>Stop-loss</strong>: A planned price where you exit if the trade goes against you. It limits your loss.
  • <strong>Take-profit</strong>: A planned price where you exit if the trade moves in your favor. It locks in your gain.
  • <strong>R</strong>: A unit of risk. In <strong>R ratio trading</strong>, 1R means the amount you risk on one trade.
  • If you risk $25 on a trade, then 1R = $25. A 2R profit means $50. A 3R profit means $75.

    How to Calculate Risk and Reward

    To calculate your risk reward ratio, you need three prices: your entry price, your stop-loss, and your take-profit.

    For a long trade, which means you buy first and hope the price rises:

  • <strong>Risk</strong> = Entry price minus stop-loss price
  • <strong>Reward</strong> = Take-profit price minus entry price
  • <strong>Risk reward ratio</strong> = Risk compared with reward
  • Example:

    You buy a token at $10.00. Your stop-loss is $9.50. Your take-profit is $11.00.

  • Entry: $10.00
  • Stop-loss: $9.50
  • Take-profit: $11.00
  • Risk: $10.00 - $9.50 = $0.50
  • Reward: $11.00 - $10.00 = $1.00
  • You are risking $0.50 to try to make $1.00. That is a <strong>1:2 risk reward</strong> setup.

    For a short trade, which means you sell first and hope the price falls, the math is reversed:

  • <strong>Risk</strong> = Stop-loss price minus entry price
  • <strong>Reward</strong> = Entry price minus take-profit price
  • Example:

    You short a token at $20.00. Your stop-loss is $21.00. Your take-profit is $17.00.

  • Risk: $21.00 - $20.00 = $1.00
  • Reward: $20.00 - $17.00 = $3.00
  • You are risking $1.00 to try to make $3.00. That is a <strong>1:3 risk reward</strong> setup.

    The same idea works on spot, futures, forex, stocks, and crypto markets. If you are practicing on an exchange such as CoinW (https://www.coinw.com/en_US/register?r=3443555), you can use the chart, order panel, and calculator tools to plan these levels before entering a trade.

    Practical Examples: 1:2 and 1:3

    Let us compare two simple examples using a $1,000 trading account. A beginner should usually risk only a small part of the account on one trade. For this example, the trader risks <strong>1% per trade</strong>, which is $10.

    Example 1: 1:2 Risk Reward

  • Account size: $1,000
  • Risk per trade: 1% = $10
  • Risk reward ratio: 1:2
  • Possible loss: $10
  • Possible profit: $20
  • If the trade loses, the account drops from $1,000 to $990. If the trade wins, the account rises from $1,000 to $1,020.

    Now imagine 10 trades with a 1:2 setup:

  • 4 winners = 4 × $20 = $80 profit
  • 6 losers = 6 × $10 = $60 loss
  • Net result = $20 profit
  • The trader won only 4 out of 10 trades, but still ended positive because the winners were twice as large as the losers.

    Example 2: 1:3 Risk Reward

  • Account size: $1,000
  • Risk per trade: 1% = $10
  • Risk reward ratio: 1:3
  • Possible loss: $10
  • Possible profit: $30
  • Now imagine 10 trades with a 1:3 setup:

  • 3 winners = 3 × $30 = $90 profit
  • 7 losers = 7 × $10 = $70 loss
  • Net result = $20 profit
  • This trader won only 3 out of 10 trades and still made a profit. This shows why R ratio trading can be powerful. A trader does not need to be right all the time if the average win is much larger than the average loss.

    However, a higher target is not always better. A 1:3 target may be farther away, so the market may not reach it as often. Beginners should not choose 1:3 just because it looks better. The target must make sense based on the chart.

    How to Use R Ratio Trading in a Real Plan

    The goal is not to force every trade into a perfect ratio. The goal is to plan each trade before entering.

    A simple trade planning process:

    1. <strong>Find your setup</strong>: Decide why you want to trade. For example, price may be bouncing from support. Support is a price area where buyers have stepped in before.

    2. <strong>Choose your entry</strong>: Decide the price where the trade becomes valid.

    3. <strong>Place your stop-loss</strong>: Put it where your trade idea is wrong, not just where it feels comfortable.

    4. <strong>Choose your take-profit</strong>: Look for a realistic target, such as a previous high, resistance level, or measured move. Resistance is a price area where sellers have stepped in before.

    5. <strong>Check the ratio</strong>: Calculate whether the setup offers at least 1:2 or another ratio that fits your plan.

    6. <strong>Adjust position size</strong>: Position size means how much you buy or sell. Set it so your loss stays within your risk limit.

    Here is a simple position size example:

  • Account size: $2,000
  • Risk per trade: 1% = $20
  • Entry price: $50
  • Stop-loss: $48
  • Risk per coin: $2
  • To risk $20 total, you can buy 10 coins because $20 divided by $2 equals 10. If price hits the stop-loss, the planned loss is about $20 before fees and slippage. <strong>Slippage</strong> means getting filled at a slightly different price than expected, often during fast market movement.

    This is why the risk reward ratio should be part of a full plan, not the only rule.

    Common Mistakes Beginners Make

    Beginners often understand the math but still misuse the idea. Watch out for these common mistakes:

  • <strong>Moving the stop-loss farther away</strong>: This increases your risk and destroys the planned ratio.
  • <strong>Taking profit too early without a reason</strong>: If you always close 1:2 trades at 0.5R profit, the plan will not work as designed.
  • <strong>Choosing random targets</strong>: A 1:3 target is not useful if the chart shows strong resistance before that level.
  • <strong>Risking too much per trade</strong>: Even a good ratio cannot protect you if one loss damages your account badly.
  • <strong>Ignoring fees</strong>: Trading fees reduce profit and increase the real cost of frequent trading.
  • <strong>Thinking ratio guarantees profit</strong>: A good ratio helps, but you still need a strategy with a real edge. An edge means a method that has a reasonable chance of working over many trades.
  • A practical beginner rule is to risk a small fixed percentage, such as 0.5% to 1% per trade, and look for trades where the potential reward is at least twice the risk. This does not guarantee success, but it helps prevent one bad trade from causing major damage.

    Key Takeaways

  • The <strong>risk reward ratio</strong> compares your planned loss with your planned gain before you enter a trade.
  • A <strong>1:2 risk reward</strong> means risking 1 unit to try to make 2 units; 1:3 means risking 1 unit to try to make 3 units.
  • <strong>R ratio trading</strong> helps you think in units of risk, so you can compare trades clearly.
  • A higher ratio is useful only when the target is realistic based on the chart.
  • Always combine risk reward with stop-loss planning, position sizing, fees, and a clear trading strategy.
  • Interactive lesson at /learn/lesson/risk-to-reward-ratio-explained-12-13